home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Ranges (Color Menu)
-
- Color ranges are used to create smooth gradients for fill patterns, for
- color cycling effects, or for affecting the various paint Modes (i.e. Shade,
- Blend or Cycle). Range creation and editing is done through the Range
- requester (CTRL r):
-
- SEE -> `RangeReq.pic`
-
- DEMONSTRATION AVAILABLE -> `Ranges.sdemo`
-
- Range Selection
-
- DPaint IV, allows for up to 8 independently defined ranges. The slider
- gadget at the upper left corner of the Range requester lets you choose
- which range to work with. Simply drag the slider using the left mouse
- button to change the current range. The current number is displayed to the
- right of the slider.
-
- Range Creation
-
- The colors defined in the current palette (SEE -> `Palette`) are displayed
- in a row towards the bottom of the requester. Up to 32 colors are visible
- at a time. You can select other banks of colors using the arrow buttons at
- the right end of the color row. At the top right corner of the requester is
- the foreground/background color indicator. Since the paint screen is still
- active and usable while the range requester is displayed, the color row and
- color indicator take the place of using the toolbox area.
-
- Towards the top center area of the requester is a segmented line. This is
- the range bar where you place colors to define a range. The line has 32
- segments which represent positions for defining up to 32 colors in a range.
-
- To define a range, simple click on a color in the color row with the left
- button. A "color bead" will become attached to your pointer. At this
- point you can move to the range bar and place it in any of the available
- positions by clicking on the line with the left button. The color bead
- will then become detached from your pointer. Now you can continue to add
- more colors, in any order or spacing, by repeating the procedure.
-
- As color beads are placed on the range bar, those color beads that are
- actually found in your available screen palette are marked with a black dot
- at the bottom of the color bead. In HAM mode (See `HAM Mode`),
-
- The SHOW button is used to display the gradient created by your arrangement
- of colors. The box below the range bar displays what the gradient looks
- like in HAM (4096 Color) mode. The gradient is always displayed using HAM
- in this box even if you are only working on screen with say only 16 colors.
- If your colors on the range are separated by empty slots, DPaint
- automatically displays additional colors in the gradient box when you click
- on SHOW. This lets you see any intermediate colors that help make the
- gradient smoother. If you are already working in HAM mode, the gradient
- that is shown will be used during any gradient fill operations
- (SEE -> `Fill`). However, if you are working in a non-HAM mode, say with
- only 16 colors, then a window will appear above the Range requester to
- display the gradient that is possible with the colors in your palette.
- Therefore you may not be able to get as smooth a gradient as you want
- because you may not have enough actual colors to create it! Clicking on
- SHOW a second time clears the gradient box.
-
- As we touched on previously, the spacing between colors on the range bar
- affects the gradient. Simply increasing the spaces between two colors on
- the range bar, causes DPaint to calculate more gradient colors. Again the
- amount of available colors in your palette will affect how smooth the
- gradient can be; In HAM mode DPaint can always create the smoothest
- possible gradient.
-
- To smooth the color transitions within gradients, DPaint uses a process
- called "Dithering". Dithering approximates the blending of colors by
- using closely spaced pixels to represent saturated color and increasingly
- spaced pixels for lower saturation. This way a color can appear to blend
- more smoothly by dissolving into another color. There are two types of
- dithering that DPaint uses. The default is "Ordered Dithering" where the
- dithered dots take on a regular, even pattern. By clicking & activating the
- Random button, "Random Dithering" is enabled. Random Dithering, as the name
- implies causes the dithered dot pattern to be more irregular - more grainy.
- This graininess can be adjusted with the Dithering slider. The Dithering
- slider can adjust from a low setting where definite color bands are
- visible, to a high, very grainy setting. By default Pattern Dithering is
- used to create a regular patterned blend of colors.
-
- NOTE: the Dithering slider is only functional in the Random mode.
- Also, the SHOW gradient area in the Range requester always
- displays the smoothest possible HAM gradient. The effect of the
- Dithering slider is not displayed in the SHOW gradient area.
- For non-HAM modes, an alternate display window is used.
- Otherwise, you can see the effect of the Dithering slider from
- within the Fill Type requester.
-
- The REVERSE button reverses the order of the colors placed on the range
- line. This is useful for changing the direction of the gradient or the
- direction for color cycling. The keyboard equivalent, Alt-R lets you
- reverse a current range while you are painting.
-
- CLEAR removes any colors from the range bar, clearing the gradient and
- range definition.
-
- UNDO takes back the last action performed in the Range requester.
-
- REVERT resets the range requester to the settings that were present the
- last time it was called up.
-
- COLOR CYCLING is a very useful function primarily used for animation
- effects. Color cycling shifts the positions of colors in a range, in
- sequential order.
-
- During color cycling, each color moves into the position of the next
- neighboring color in the range (actually, the RGB values of a range color
- are applied to the next neighboring in the range, but to keep things simple
- we'll assume that colors are actually changing position). This occurs
- according to the speed set by the Cycle Rate slider. When a color gets
- to the end of a range, it starts over at the beginning again. Hence, a
- continuous cycling process. Color cycling is activated by the Cycle menu
- item in the Color menu or by pressing the TAB key.
-
- There are a few important things to remember about color cycling:
-
- 1. Only the colors that actually exist on the range bar will be
- involved during color cycling.
-
- Even though the colors you place on the range bar may generate a
- gradient that appears to have several colors, only those areas of
- the gradient which match a color on the range bar will be part
- of a color cycle - only those colors will cycle.
-
- 2. The spacing of colors placed on the range bar will affect the
- way colors cycle.
-
- When range colors are placed immediately next to each other,
- the colors will simply cycle through each position. However,
- when space is increased between colors on the range bar, an
- interesting thing occurs: a color separated by spaces will
- cycle through any intermediate colors in order to get to the
- next color on the range. In other words, if you place a red
- color on the range bar, immediately neighbored by a blue,
- the colors will simply cycle between red and blue. However,
- if you leave a few spaces between the red and blue, then the
- red will cycle through any intermediate shades (such as
- purples, if available) before becoming blue.
-
- 3. A color does not have to exist in your immediate palette.
- Even in non-HAM modes, the palette provides access to the HAM
- color spectrum, you can access colors that are not in your
- immediate screen palette. This is useful for creating flashing
- or glowing effects without having to use up all your actual
- screen colors.
-
- 4. In HAM mode, only the first 16 colors are available for color
- cycling. At least one of the first 16 colors must exist on
- the range bar to make cycling possible. Additionally only those
- areas of the screen painted using a color out of the 16 can
- cycle.
-
-
-
-